, perovskite solar cell efficiencies have surpassed 25% in single junction configuration. Since the pioneering work by Miyasaka et al. Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have completely revolutionized the field of optoelectronics in the last decade, with exponential growth in efficiency observed for both photovoltaic and light emission applications. Keywords: light emission light-emitting diode light outcoupling perovskite 1 Introduction Finally, we provide an outlook on the possible routes forward for the field and propose new avenues to maximally exploit the excellent light-emitting capabilities of this family of semiconductors. Next, we analyse the instability issues of perovskite-based LEDs from a photophysical standpoint, taking into consideration the underlying phenomena pertaining to defects, and summarize recent advances in mitigating the same.
It then looks at the possible routes to achieve efficient outcoupling through nanostructuring of the emitter and the substrate. This review article starts with the discussions of the mechanism of luminescence in these perovskite materials and factors impacting it. With best operational lifetimes of only a few hours reported, there is a long way to go before perovskite LEDs can be perceived as reliable alternatives to more established technologies like organic or quantum dot-based LED devices. In addition, the poor ambient and operational stability of these materials and devices restrict further commercialization efforts. Photon recycling in the emitter material followed by efficient outcoupling can result in boosting external efficiencies up to 100%. However, there remains much scope to further optimize the light propagation inside the device stack through careful tailoring of the optical processes that take place at the bulk and interface levels. Rapid progress in materials engineering have led to the demonstration of external quantum efficiencies that surpass the previously established theoretical limits. With a strong foothold on photovoltaics, much focus now lies on their light emission applications.
Perovskite semiconductors have experienced meteoric rise in a variety of optoelectronic applications.
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